| 1 | Izinsiza zabasebenzi | |||||||
| 2 | Izinsiza ezidaliwe | |||||||
| 3 | Okumbiwayo kwendalo | |||||||
| 1 | Umhlaba | 11 | insimbi | 21 | igolide | 31 | ukuhola | |
| 2 | I-El-mag-frequency | 12 | manganese | 22 | isiliva | 32 | i-tungsten | |
| 3 | Amanzi | 13 | i-chromium | 23 | i-mercury | 33 | i-molybdenum | |
| 4 | Ihlathi | 14 | i-nickel | 24 | i-beryllium | 34 | vanadium | |
| 5 | amafutha | 15 | titanium | 25 | i-lithium | 35 | i-yttrium | |
| 6 | igesi | 16 | i-magnesium | 26 | i-zirconium | 36 | i-lanthanide | |
| 7 | amalahle | 17 | i-aluminium | 27 | isiphukuphuku | 37 | i-germanium | |
| 8 | i-peat | 18 | ithusi | 28 | i-tantalum | 38 | scandium | |
| 9 | shale | 19 | zinc | 29 | i-niobium | |||
| 10 | i-uranium | 20 | ukuhola | 30 | i-cobalt | |||
Umndeni Hhayi iyathengiswa
Ekuthengisweni komhlaba endaweni yase-Ukraine
Kuwo wonke amaqembu omphakathi wabantu base-Ukraine ngaphandle kokukhetha, kuhlanganise nazo zonke izifundo ngaphandle kokukhetha, abakhethwa enhlanganweniAsingabaphathi besifunda sase-Ukraine 2019 unyaka, isikhumbuzi – ungazami ukulandela indlela engamanga yenkathi ephakathi, okuyinto isintu esiye sayijabulela kukho konke ukuba khona kwaso maqondana nokusetshenziswa kwayo yonke imithombo yemvelo yeplanethi enguMhlaba ngaphandle kokukhetha, lapho kuphulwa khona ilungelo lobunikazi bemithombo yemvelo, ilungelo lobunikazi bazo ezingxenyeni ezilinganayo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nezizukulwane zazo ezizayo.
Wonke amaqembu omphakathi, kuhlanganise neziphathimandla, ngaphandle kokukhetha, angavikela imibono yawo, zibheke njengeqiniso eliphelele, kodwa iqiniso lihlala likhona futhi liyinkulumo engenakuphikiswa – yonke imithombo yemvelo yeplanethi enguMhlaba ingezingxenye ezilinganayo zezinto eziphilayo nezizukulwane zayo ezizayo.
Ngokusekelwe esimisweni semvelo sobunikazi bemithombo yemvelo yeplanethi enguMhlaba, imithombo yemvelo etholakala endaweni ethile yeplanethi enguMhlaba kufanele ibe ubunikazi obuhlangene bezakhamuzi zomphakathi wezenhlalo lapho le ndawo iyingxenye yawo..
Ilungelo lempahla ehlangene ligcinwa ngumuntu ngesikhathi sokuhlala kanye nokugcinwa kwesakhamuzi endaweni ethile lapho umphakathi wezenhlalakahle ukhona..
Uhlu lwazo zonke izinsiza zemvelo ezihlanganisa nazo ukusetshenziswa okukhokhelwayo Futhi oimali ehlanganisiwe abanikazi bokusetshenziswa kwemithombo yemvelo banikezwa amabhange emithombo yemvelo yomphakathi wenhlalo leyo ndawo engaphansi kwayo.
Ilungelo lokusebenzisa izinsiza zemvelo okukhokhelwayo ngelezo zonke izakhamuzi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izakhamuzi zikuphi.
Ilungelo elibalulekile lokusebenzisa izinsiza okukhokhelwayo ngelezakhamuzi eziyizakhamuzi zomphakathi wezenhlalo leyo ndawo engaphansi kwayo., abahlala endaweni lapho izinsiza zemvelo zikhona futhi abanolwazi nolwazi kanye nesisekelo sobuchwepheshe esivumela ukusetshenziswa ngempumelelo kwemithombo yemvelo.
Ukukhokhelwa kwabanikazi abahlangene bemithombo yemvelo kwenziwa yiBhange Lezemvelo, nge –
P.S.
Imithombo yemvelo yase-Ukraine
Ngokusho komdwebo we-block "Imithombo Yemvelo yase-Ukraine", okunikezwa ngezansi, kuzonamathiselwa ibhulokhi ngayinye izixhumanisi zezinto zolwazi lomqondo, izisekelo zobudlelwano bemithombo yemvelo emphakathini wezenhlalo wase-Ukraine. Uma, lapho uhambisa phezu kwebhlokhi enekhesa, umbhalo onenkanyezi ekugcineni uyavela *, i.e. ireferensi, uma umbhalo uvela ngaphandle kwenkanyezi, asikho isixhumanisi okwamanje
Vimba umdwebo "Imithombo Yemvelo Yase-Ukraine"
O izingxoxo ngesihloko – okumbiwayo kwendalo. Emaphuzwini okubuka abantu base-Ukraine ngakwesokudla sobunikazi bemithombo yemvelo, kuhlanganise nomhlaba, mayelana nemakethe yomhlaba, endaweni yesifunda sase-Ukraine. Ngakwesokudla esizayo sabantu base-Ukraine emithonjeni yemvelo.
Kanjani futhi ubani okufanele anqume udaba lokusebenzisa imithombo yemvelo, (PR), etholakala endaweni yesifunda sase-Ukraine?
Phendula, – idinga ukuhlaziywa ngokulandelana, ilungelo lemvelo lezinto eziphilayo, kuhlanganisa nabantu, emithonjeni yemvelo. Ilungelo lezinto eziphilayo emithonjeni yemvelo liyisisekelo sokuxazulula inkinga yokusetshenziswa kwemithombo yemvelo e-PZ, kuhlanganise nesifunda sombuso.. Ngaphezu kokuhlaziywa kwesisekelo selungelo lemithombo yemvelo, kuyadingeka ukuhlaziya uhlaka olukhona lokulawula lombuso, eziphethweni zokuhlaziya isisekelo nokwengeza, ukunquma izinkambiso zokugcina zomthetho zobudlelwano bemithombo yemvelo – ngokuba nempahla, ukusetshenziswa nokuphathwa kwemithombo yemvelo, le mikhuba idinga ukwenziwa ibe semthethweni, inhlolovo edumile yabantu bombuso, ngemibuzo ebhalwe ngokucacile, ifakwe kunhlolovo.
Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa kwesistimu ezimele, (I-NSE), eyenziwa ngababhali bengosi ye-ChaESV, ngenxa yalokho yahlaziywa:
- Amalungelo emvelo ezinsizeni zemvelo ezitholakala ku-PZ;
- Izigaba zomlando ekuthuthukisweni komphakathi wezenhlalo e-PZ;
- Uhlaka lomthetho olulawulayo kanye nokuqaliswa kwalo esifundazweni sase-Ukraine.
Iziphetho ezilandelayo zenziwa e-Ukraine:
Okumbiwayo kwendalo, ezitholakala endaweni yase-Ukraine ziyimpahla yezinto eziphilayo ngaphakathi kwemingcele yezimiso ezanele isikhathi sokuba khona., (ukuphila konke), futhi ezigabeni ezithile zemithombo yemvelo, ngokwezinkambiso, zingama-homo sapiens kuphela, unikezwe isizathu, kuhlanganisa nezizukulwane zayo ezizayo.
Imithetho elawula ubudlelwano bomhlaba e-Ukraine, kanye nezincomo ze-NSE ChaESV ngesinqumo kunhlolovo kazwelonke mayelana nokuqedwa kwezinto ezindala kanye nokwethulwa kwezihlinzeko ezintsha zomthetho., kuhloswe ngazo ngezansi.
Imithetho yamanje ye-Ukraine, okusha kwethulwe, ukulawula ubudlelwano bomhlaba:
Umthethosisekelo Ukraine- Isihloko 13. Umhlaba, ukujula kwawo, umoya womkhathi, amanzi nezinye izinsiza zemvelo, etholakala ngaphakathi kwensimu ye-Ukraine, imithombo yemvelo yeshalofu layo lezwekazi, engavamile (osolwandle) indawo yezomnotho yizinto zamalungelo abantu base-Ukraine. (Khipha) – Egameni labantu base-Ukraine, amalungelo omnikazi asetshenziswa yiziphathimandla zombuso kanye nohulumeni basekhaya, ngaphakathi, echazwe yilo Mthethosisekelo. (Faka isandla) - Abantu base-Ukraine basebenzisa ilungelo labo lobunikazi ngokuzimela ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo, echazwe yilo Mthethosisekelo, izinguquko zenziwa ngereferendamu edumile.
Shintsha imithetho elawula ubudlelwano bomhlaba, bheka ukuphawula
Ikhodi Civil yase-Ukraine – Isihloko 321. Ukungaphulwa kwamalungelo endawo
- Ubunikazi abunakuphulwa. Akekho ovunyelwe ukuphucwa leli lungelo ngokungemthetho noma alinganiselwe ekusetshenzisweni kwalo..
- Umuntu angaphucwa ilungelo lobunikazi noma alinganiselwe ekusebenzeni kwakhe kuphela ezimeni futhi ngokuhambisana nenqubo., esungulwe ngumthetho.
- Ukuhlukaniswa ngempoqo kwezinhloso zamalungelo endawo kungasetshenziswa kuphela njengokuhlukile ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zomphakathi ngesisekelo nangokuhambisana nenqubo., esungulwe ngumthetho, futhi kuncike ekubuyiselweni kwangaphambilini nangokugcwele kwezindleko zabo, ngaphandle kwamacala, emisiwe ingxenye yesihloko sesibili 353 yale Khodi.
Ikhodi Yomhlaba yase-Ukraine – Isihloko 78. Okuqukethwe kobunikazi bomhlaba
- Ubunikazi bomhlaba – kuyilungelo lokuba ngumnikazi, ukusetshenziswa nokulahla iziza.
- Ilungelo lobunikazi bomhlaba litholwa futhi lisetshenziswe ngesisekelo soMthethosisekelo wase-Ukraine, yale Khodi, kanye neminye imithetho, eshicilelwe ngokuvumelana nazo.
- Umhlaba e-Ukraine (Khipha)
kungase kube ngasese, impahla yomphakathi kanye nekahulumeni. - Abantu (ezindlalifa zabo), ababeneziza ngaphambili 15 мая 1992 unyaka (kusukela ngosuku lokuqalisa ukusebenza kweKhodi Yomhlaba yase-Ukraine), iziza zomhlaba azibuyiswa.
Isihloko 81. Ubunikazi bomhlaba ngabantu ngabanye.
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- Ch. 4, Art. 81, – 4. Umhlaba wezolimo, ilifa labezizweni, kanye nabantu abangenabuzwe, ngaphansi kokuhlukaniswa phakathi nonyaka.
Isihloko 82. Ubunikazi bomhlaba yizinhlangano ezisemthethweni.
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- Ch. 4, Isigaba 82 – Umhlaba wezolimo, izuzwe izinhlangano ezisemthethweni zakwamanye amazwe, ngaphansi kokuhlukaniswa phakathi nonyaka owodwa.
Ukuphawula ngendaba yokuthengisa umhlaba e-Ukraine
okuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwayo yonke imithombo yemvelo yombuso.
Ngaphambi kokuxoxa ngezindaba zemakethe yomhlaba nabaphikisi, kuhlanganise nalabo, oqhuba ingxoxo ngomhlaba, udinga ukuzijwayeza ngezenzo zomthetho ezilawulayo zase-Ukraine, ezilawula ubudlelwano bomhlaba emazweni ase-Ukraine. Khona-ke akusekho ukudingida udaba lobunikazi bomhlaba ebudlelwaneni phakathi kwezakhamizi zakwamanye amazwe; isivele ixazululiwe Engxenyeni yesi-4, Art. 81, h. 4, Art. 82 Ikhodi Yomhlaba, futhi umnikazi womhlaba endaweni yase-Ukraine unqunywa futhi ufakwe ku-Article 13 yoMthethosisekelo wase-Ukraine.. Umbuzo usalokhu uhlaziya indlela ezisebenza ngayo, kulezo zinombolo inzuzo yangempela kusukela ekusetshenzisweni kwabo 28 isikhathi sasehlobo kuzo zonke izakhamizi zesifunda sase-Ukraine.
Ungenza inhlolovo yemibono ngalolu daba, Ungakwazi ukuqapha i-ad infinitum, ikakhulukazi endabeni yokudayiswa komhlaba, iseluleko salokho, ungamoshi imali nesikhathi uthole impendulo, phendula ngezansi, iqondiswe kuwo wonke umuntu ngaphandle kokukhetha – emhlabeni eplanethini yomhlaba Hhayikumele adayise, akumele kube indaba ethengiswayo, okuhlanganisa nokuqagela, Yingakho ke, ukuthi umhlaba ungowezinto eziphilayo, kuhlanganise nabantu, nenzalo yakhe, futhi ezimeni lapho ithengiswa khona, akuwona wonke umuntu esikhathini esizayo oyoba nethuba lokuhamba emhlabeni.
Kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi umhlaba akufanele ufeze umsebenzi wawo, ukukhiqiza kabusha ukudla nezinye izinsiza ezidingekayo ekusebenzeni kwezinto eziphilayo, sebenza ukuze kuzuze abantu, ngale njongo umhlaba ufeze umsebenzi wawo oyinhloko, akufanele kube ngesakhamuzi ngasinye kodwa kube okokusetshenziswa okukhokhelwayo yizinhlangano, nginolwazi, ulwazi, isifiso sokusebenza emhlabeni, ekugcineni ukwanelisa izidingo futhi ugqugquzele ukwamukelwa komphumela wokugcina ofunekayo wesifundo esiwusebenzisayo kanye nabantu abangabanikazi bomhlaba bebonke., ngakho-ke ukwanelisa izidingo zabo bobabili umnikazi nomsebenzisi, isakhamuzi ngasinye esihlala endaweni yombuso.
Ngokusekelwe ebudlelwaneni bomhlaba obukhona futhi obusanda kwethulwa e-Ukraine, ezingaphansi kokugcinwa ngumthetho, kufanele:
- Dala iBhange Lomhlaba Labantu lase-Ukraine, (I-NZBU)
- Yabela izinsiza zezezimali ze-NZBU kusabelomali sase-Ukraine, ukuze kuthengwe umhlaba kubanini-ndawo bezakhamuzi zase-Ukraine. Izindleko zomhlaba akufanele zibe ngaphansi kunezintengo zomhlaba okhona emphakathini womhlaba, nge-premium ecabangela zonke izakhiwo nokusebenza komhlaba.
- Yakha isistimu yememori ngokucabangela amanani, esungulelwe ukuthengwa komhlaba, izinkambiso zokuhambisa izinsiza zomhlaba ukuze zisetshenziswe okukhokhelwayo ku-NZBU kuzo zonke izifundo ngaphandle kokukhetha, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uyisakhamuzi, kuncike ekuphumeleleni okuhle esivivinyweni solwazi, okuhlanganisa ukutholakala kwesisekelo sobuchwepheshe, okuvumela ukusetshenziswa kahle komhlaba, kubhekwe inhloso yawo, ngelungelo lokuqala lokubalulekile lokuyithola ezinkampanini ezingokoqobo nezomthetho ezihlala endaweni lapho izinsiza zomhlaba zitholakala.
- Sdala i-People's Money Bank yase-Ukraine, (NDBU).
- Vula ama-akhawunti nge-NDBU azo zonke izakhamizi zase-Ukraine, ngaphandle kokukhetha, ezineminyaka esuka 1 ngayizolo 150 iminyaka.
- Zonke izimali ezivela ekusetshenzisweni okukhokhelwayo komhlaba zidluliselwa ku-akhawunti emaphakathi yeBhange Likazwelonke lase-Ukraine, izimali ezivela kule akhawunti zihlukaniswa ngenani lama-akhawunti avuliwe ezakhamuzi zase-Ukraine futhi zifakwe kulawa ma-akhawunti, lezi zimali zisetshenziswa ngokukhululekile abanikazi bazo, okuhlukile izakhamizi ezivela 1 ngayizolo 18 iminyaka, lezi zakhamuzi zingasebenzisa ngokukhululekile izimali ezikuma-akhawunti azo lapho ziphumelela 18 iminyaka yasehlobo. Izinhlobo ezimbili zenzalo zinqwabelana kumabhalansi e-akhawunti:, jikelele kanye nediphozi. Izakhamizi ezivela 1 ngayizolo 18 iminyaka - idiphozi hhayi ngaphansi 15% ngonyaka, jikelele 5% noma faka kuze kufike 15% kuye ngezifiso zabanikazi bama-akhawunti, iminyaka yakhe isuka 18 ku 150 iminyaka.
Lolu hlelo lusebenza kuzo zonke izinsiza zemvelo ngaphandle kokukhetha., ekhona endaweni yesifunda sase-Ukraine.
P.S.
Umbhali wokushicilela
